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Cardiovascular surgery repairs heart and blood vessel damage from diseases, including open-heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, and heart transplant. Conditions treated by cardiovascular surgeons include coronary artery diseases, heart valve issues, aneurysms, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
Thoracic surgery, excluding the heart, addresses lung cancer, tumors, esophageal issues, and various chest conditions. Procedures range from chest reconstruction to lung transplantation for end-stage diseases, including tracheal interventions for airway narrowing.
